Sindhu ghati sabhyata ke patan ka mukhya kya karan the?
Sindhu Ghati Sabhyata (Indus Valley Civilization) ke patan ke kayi mukhya karan the, jo is prachin sabhyata ke samapti ka karan bane. In karanon ko nimnalikhit roop mein samjha ja sakta hai:
Paryavaran parivartan (Environmental changes): Sindhu Ghati ke kshetra mein jalvayu aur paryavaran mein aachanak parivartan aaye. Sindhu aur uske shaakha nadiyon ka disha badalna, sookh jaana ya unmein badi badhaayein aana is parivartan ka ek bada karan tha. Nadion ke bahav mein parivartan se kheti aur jal ki uplabdhata prabhavit hui, jo logon ki aarthik aur samajik sthiti ko kamzor karne laga.
Aakraman (Invasions): Kuch itihaskar maante hain ki Aryaon ke aakraman ne bhi Sindhu Sabhyata ke patan mein yogdan diya. Arya log yuddh mein kushal the aur Sindhu Ghati ke shehron par kabza karne lage, jo is sabhyata ke patan ka ek karan bana ho sakta hai. Lekin yah mat vaad-vivad ka vishay hai, aur isse sambandhit pakke pramaan nahi mile hain.
Aarthik Girawat (Economic Decline): Sindhu Ghati Sabhyata ka aarthik dhacha vyapar par aadharit tha. Lekin kuch karanon, jaise ki nadion ka sookh jaana aur vyapar ke pramukh raaston ka band ho jaana, se is vyapar mein girawat aayi. Jab vyapar kamzor hua, to sabhyata ki arthvyavastha bhi girne lagi, jo samajik asthirata ka karan bana.
Jan Sankhya ka Vriddhi aur Sansadhanon ki Kami: Samay ke saath-sath jan sankhya mein vriddhi hui, lekin sansadhanon mein kami aane lagi. Kheti ke liye paani ki kami aur janglon ki katayi ne sansadhanon ko samapt kar diya, jis se jeevan ke liye anukool paristhitiyan nahi rahi.
Prakritik Aapdaayein (Natural Disasters): Kuch adhyayanon ke anusaar Sindhu Ghati mein bhukamp aur baad jaisi prakritik aapdaayein bhi is sabhyata ke patan ka ek karan ho sakti hain. Bhukampon ne shehron ko nuksan pahunchaya, jis se logon ko apne ghar chhodne pade.
Vyaparik Sanbandhon ka tootna: Sindhu Ghati Sabhyata ne doosri prachin sabhyataon, jaise Mesopotamia ke saath vyaparik sambandh banaaye the. Lekin, kuch karanon se ye vyaparik sambandh kamzor pad gaye ya samapti ki ore chale gaye. Jab yah antarashtriya vyapar thap ho gaya, to is sabhyata ki arthik sthiti aur bhi kamzor ho gayi.
Dheere-Dheere Shehroon ka Chhodna: Jitne bhi itihasik pramaan mile hain, unke anusaar sabhyata ka patan dheere-dheere hua. Pehle bade shehron ka jan sankhya ghatna shuru hui, aur log gaon aur chhoti bastiyon mein basne lage. Shaharik jeevan aur kendra mein sthapit nagar sthal dheere-dheere khali hote gaye.
Sanskritik Parivartan: Samay ke saath, Sindhu Ghati Sabhyata ki sanskritik paramparaon mein bhi parivartan ho sakte hain. Naye janjatiyon ke pravesh se sanskritik vibhed aur samajik sangharsh bhi shuru hue honge, jo is sabhyata ko kamzor karne mein yogdan de sakte hain.
Yeh sabhi karan milkar Sindhu Ghati Sabhyata ke patan ka samarthan karte hain, lekin is sabhyata ka patan ek achanak ghatna nahi thi, balki yeh dheere-dheere kai sadion tak chalti prakriya thi.
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